Noheli Twagiramungu aradutekerereza ibya Fransisko Byuma muri Gatchatcha

NTA URENGA ICYO AZIRA :
Ifungwa rya Byuma n’icyo rihatse mu mugambi wa GACACA
Noel Twagiramungu
Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
Phone : 1+ 781 393 2971 ; twagiranoel@yahoo.fr

I. UMWANZIKO
BYUMA Faransisiko Saveri, azwi kuri bamwe nk’umwanditsi w’ikinamico wamamaye mu myaka ya za 1980 kubera amakinamico meza nka « Ibereho Nkindi » yanyuraga kuri Radio akanakinwa hirya no hino mu gihugu. Kuri benshi ariko, BYUMA azwi nk’umuharanizi w’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu mu Rwanda rwa nyuma ya 1994, aho yagaragaye cyane mu buyobozi bw’imiryango yigeze iba ijwi ry’abatagira uruvugiro nka Liprodhor na Ldgl. Byuma yabaye kandi umwe mu bayobozi b’indi miryango myinshi nka Turengere Abana, Ibarwa (Ihuriro ry’Abanditsi b’u Rwanda) na Club Rafiki. Bwana Byuma yongeye kuvugwa mu mpera za 2004 ubwo yitandukanyaga na bagenzi be bo muri Liprodhor Leta ya FPR- Inkotanyi yari imaze kwambika umugoma w’ubugome witwa INGENGABITEKEREZO YA JENOSIDE. Byuma yagarutsweho by’akaminuramuhini vuba aha ubwo yitabaga Gacaca ya Biryogo ikamucumbikira muri Gereza ya Kigali, hanyuma akarekurwa by’amareshyamugeni « ngo ashyire ubwenge ku gihe » mbere y’uko kuri uyu wa 27 Gicurasi 2007 akatirwa kujya gufatira amasaziro muri Gereza ya 1930.
Iyi nyandiko igamije kugaragaza muri make icyo ifungwa rya Byuma rihatse n’icyo risobanura muri gahunda yagutse Leta ya FPR Inkotanyi imaze kunononsora mu mugambi muremure yiyemeje mu cyo yita « kurema U Rwanda rushya ». Ndibanda ku ngingo eshatu z’ingenzi : kugaragaza uko nzi Byuma n’imyifatire ye ku bijyanye na « jenoside » ; icyo ntekereza ku rubanza rwa Byuma muri Gacaca ; amasomo y’ingenzi twavana muri uru rubanza rwa Byuma n’imikorere ya Gacaca muri rusange mu rubuga rwaguye rwa politiki ya FPR muri ibi bihe.
Iyi nyandiko nyikoze mu Kinyarwanda kugira ngo ishobore kugera ku baturage benshi bari mu gihugu, bo bazi neza kandi babangamiwe bikabije n’imigambi mibisha ihishe mu kigare cya Gacaca. Nkuko nza kubigarukaho muri iyi nyandiko ndeba niba urubanza rwa Byuma rushimangira cyangwa ruvuguruza amatwara rusange Leta iriho iri gushyira mu bikorwa, Gacaca nyibonamo intwaro yo gusohoza inshingano 4 z’ingenzi Leta ya FPR Inkotanyi yiyemeje : (i) guhuma amaso amahanga ; (ii) kubiba amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda no gutsimbataza urwango rushingigiye ku irondakoko; (iii) gusiga icyaha abacitse ku icumu ; (iv) gucecekesha abashobora guca ikinyoma, ubwikanyize n’akarengane mu Rwanda.
Icyo nifuza muri iyi nyandiko ni ugutanga umuganda mu gusesengura no kumvikanisha ibibazo bikomereye u Rwanda muri iki gihe, nkizera ko abo tubibona kimwe ndetse n’abo tubyumva ku buryo bunyuranye bagira iyi nyandiko imbarutso y’impaka nziza zimurikira Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bifuriza U Rwanda n’abanyarwanda ibyiza.
Mbere yo kujya kure, ndabanza kwisegura kubera impamvu ebyiri :.
Impamvu ya mbere ni uko mfitanye na Byuma amabanga menshi kubera amajoro n’imitaga twabanye mu myaka cumi yose (1994-2004) duhujwe n’ubushake n’ubwitange bwo kurwanya akarengane, ubugome, urugomo, ubuhunahunnyi n’andi matakaragasi yabaye akarande mu Rwanda. Ibi bishobora gutuma ngira amarangamutima cyangwa uburyo bwo kumva ikibazo cye ku buryo bubogamye cyangwa bucagase.
Impamvu ya kabiri ni uko Byuma yagize ibyago byo kugera hamwe urugamba ruhinyuza intwari, akemera kwambikwa ubucocero aho twari twarambariye inkindi duharanira ukuri n’ ubwisanzure mu mvugo no mu ngiro. N’ubwo bwose ndi mu bo Byuma yategetswe kwitandukanya nabo ngo tutamusiga ibara twari tumaze kwambikwa na Leta, sinigeze muhora izo ntege nke, kuko nzi ko agahwa kari kuwundi gahandurika kandi uhiriye mu nzu akaba ntaho apfa adapfunda imitwe. Ibi na none bamwe bashobora kubibonamo uburyo bwo kumwishongoraho kuko ageze mu mazi abira. Icyo nzi kandi nemera ni uko umugabo mbwa ari we useka imbohe, kandi uko umugabo aguye si ko ameneka.
Kubera izo mpamvu zombi, uzasoma iyi nyandiko akabonamo ibitekerano binyuranye n’amahame yo guharanira ukuri, ubwisanzure, ubusabane n’ubutabera bibereye u Rwanda, mbaye mushimiye kuzabingaragariza kandi agatanga uwe muganda kuko twese nta ufite ibitekerezo « kamara ».
Mbaye nshimiye kandi abazashobora kubona umwanya wo guhindura iyi nyandiko cyangwa kuyikorera incamake mu ndimi z’amahanga no kumenyekanisha ibiyikubiyemo. Mbaye kandi nifatanije n’uwazatotezwa azira kumenya,kumenyekanisha, gushima cyangwa se kugaya ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko.
II. UKO NZI BYUMA N’IMYIFATIRE YE KU BIJYANYE NA JENOSIDE
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, Byuma yari umukozi wa Leta ushinzwe ibya « jumelage » muri Ministeri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu. Nyuma ya ‘jenoside’, iyo mirimo yarayikomeje kugeza mu mpera za 1994, aho yabaye umunyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa wa Liprodhor. Aha nakwibutsa ko Byuma ari mu banyamuryango b’ikubitiro -- barimo Rutihunza Theobald, Gakwaya Rwaka, Habimana Theoneste na Biramvu Jean Paul, Kanakuze Bernadette na Mukarutabana Bernadette-- bongeye kubyutsa Liprodhor yari imaze gutakaza abanyamuryango barenze mirongo itatu, bamwe bishwe n’Interahamwe nka Emmanuel Nsabimana alias Sagita wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru, abandi bazize Inkotanyi nka Mbabajende wari Umubitsi.
Ni muri ibyo bihe natangiye gukorana na Byuma mu mirimo yo kurwanya urugomo n’akarengane . Hagati aho, Byuma yarafashwe ajyanwa kuri brigade ashinjwa iby’itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba, ariko biza kugaragara ko uwo bavugaga ko yishe ariho ndetse ahubwo bikavugwa ko Byuma ari mu bamukijije. Byuma yararekuwe dukomezanya umurimo utoroshye watumye Liprodhor ijya ku isonga mu rugamba rwo kwamagana ibibi leta n’abambari bayo bakoraga no gutabariza abarenganaga.
By’umwihariko, Byuma twakoranye mu bintu byinshi by’ingenzi byatumye mumenya neza kandi nkamenya aho ahagaze ku bibazo bijyanye na jenoside n’ibindi byaha bijyana nayo. Guhera mu mpera za 94, nagiye njya mu maperereza aho abaturage babaga bahohoterwa, tugakora amaraporo agashyikirizwa Byuma wari umuhuzabikorwa.
Hagati ya 96 na 98, nabaye umukorerabushake (antenne bénevole) wa Liprodhor mu mugi wa Kigali, mfite umurimo wo guhuza ibikorwa byo gukora amaperereza ku ihohoterwa ry’abaturage, kwakira ibibazo byabo no gutabariza abo tubona bageraniwe bikabije. Mu bibazo twakozeho cyane harimo iby’abiciwe n’Inkotanyi, ifatwa n’ifungwa binyuranye n’amategeko, ibibazo by’abamburwaga amazu n’amasambu yabo ku maherere, n’ihohoterwa ryajyanye n’intambara y’abacengezi. Hagati ya 96 na 98 kandi, Liprodhor n’indi miryango igize Cladho hamwe na Kanyarwanda, yantoreye kuba Intumwa ihoraho ya société civile muri « Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’Homme » yakoreraga mu Rwanda, aho nayoboye umushinga wo kwita ku bibazo by’abafungwa (abibuka amarorerwa yabereye mu magereza nk’iya Gitarama aho abagororwa bacitse amaguru abandi ibirenge bikabora kubera kurundanywa hamwe nk’imiba y’inkwi bakumva icyo twakoze icyo gihe).
Muri 98, ubwo Leta yatangiraga gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wayo wo kwigarurira amashyirahamwe yigenga, nakoraga muri Cladho nshinzwe ibyo gukurikirana imanza z’abaregwaga « itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba » (ari byo bisigaye byitwa jenoside !). Icyo gihe twasohoye raporo yashyiraga ahagaragara ibibazo byari bibangamiye ubutabera, kimwe muri byo kikaba icyo twise –nako abagororwa bari barise- « UDUTSIKO TW’ABANYAMARIRA », ni ukuvuga abantu bishyiraga hamwe, kenshi b’abagore, mu gihe cy’icyunamo cyangwa se igihe hari abategetsi bakuru basuye ahantu, bakikora bakarira bati ‘‘dore uwatwiciye nguyu’’. Abibuka iby’ifatwa n’ifungwa by’umugabo Mabuye washakanye na Marie Claire Mukasine batubera abagabo mu marorerwa ya bene utwo dutsiko. Icyo gihe rero raporo yacu yaciye inka amabere, ibintu birayoba, nuko uwari amaze kubohoza Cladho icyo gihe, Bwana Dr Josué Kayijaho (mbere y’uko we n’umuryango we bamenya uko akarengane katavangura), ategeka ko Cladho itazongera kuba « ijwi ry’ interahamwe » . Icyo gihe ni bwo natangije muri Liprodhor mfatanije na Byuma umushinga kandi nywubera umuhuzabikorwa wo gukurikirana iby’imanza by’abaregwa itsembabwoko (CDIPG ou centre d’Information et de documentation sur les procès du génocide ). Uyu munshinga uri mu yatumye Liprodhor imenyekana cyane mu baturage no hanze nk’umuryango uvugira abatagira uruvugiro, aba ari nabyo biwubera imwe mu mpamvu zo kurushaho kwibasirwa na Leta.
Guhera mu ntangiriro za 1999, Liprodhor yashyigikiye ‘‘candidature’ yanjye ku mwanya w’Umuhuzabikorwa wa LDGL, Byuma akaba yari ayibereye visi perezida. Kuva nagera kuri uwo mwanya, Ldgl twarayivuguruye iba ijwi ryumvikanisha akarengane kari mu Rwanda. By’umwihariko, njye na Byuma kuba twari muri Liprodhor na ldgl byatumye iyi miryango yombi iboneza ingamba kandi iba urugero n’umusemburo w’ubwisanzure mu yindi miryango yigenga kimwe n’ibinyamakuru by’abihanduzacumu nk’Umuseso na Le Partisan.
Byuma kandi yabaye n’umuyobozi mu yindi miryango inyuranye, uw’ingenzi twabanyemo akaba ari ihuriro ry’abanditsi b’u Rwanda , IBARWA. Mu bikorwa byiza Ibarwa ikesha Byuma, harimo umushinga wo gukoresha amarushanwa hirya no hino mu mashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye, abana bagahabwa urubuga rwo guhanga inkuru zivuga iby’amarorerwa y’’intambara, ubwicanyi babonye cyangwa bumvise, guca umuco wo kudahana no gusana imitima.
Muri make, nshingiye ku buryo namenyemo Byuma n’urugamba twabanyemo rwo kwamagana imigambi mibisha y’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu no guharanira ko habaho ubutabera busesuye, hari impamvu enye z’ingenzi zituma ifungwa rye mu 2007 rintera amakenga :
1° Mbere no mu gihe cy’intambara n’ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994, Byuma yari atuye mu nzu ye bwite mu Rwampala rwa Biryogo muri Kigali y’Umugi. Kubera ko ariho yakomeje gutura nyuma yaho Inkotanyi zifatiye u Rwanda, nta wavuga ko Byuma yigeze yihisha cyangwa ngo abamurega bayoberwe aho ari muri iyi myaka yose ishize.
2° Byuma nta bushobozi, ububasha cyangwa umwanya yigeze agira muri Leta ya FPR Inkotanyi byari gutera abamuzi ubwoba ku buryo yari kuba yaragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bakamuhishira cyangwa bagatinya kumurega.
3° Byuma yagaragaje kenshi ubutwari n’ubwitange mu guharanira ko habaho ubutabera buca umuco wo kudahana kandi bwirinda kurenganya abantu ku maherere. Nk’umwanditsi, yahanze inkuru n’amakinamico kandi ashishikariza urubyiruko gukora mu nganzo kugira ngo babwire ab’ubu n’abataravuka iby’amahano yagwiriye u Rwanda kandi banashishikarize abariho none kubana neza no komora ibikomere mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro kandi bwubaha uburenganzira n’ubusugire bwa buri wese. None se ibyo byaba byari uburyo bwo kwiyoberanya no guhishira ibyo yaba yarakoze ? Kuko nta muzindutsi wa kare watashye ku mutima w’undi, sinakwirenga ngo mpakane ko bidashoboka. Ariko rero uko nzi Byuma n’uko namubonye mu bihe binyuranye, kumukekera kuba mu bagizibanabi bitabiriye umugambi wo gutsemba abatutsi bizamba kure nk’ukwezi kugeza ubwo nzabona ikimenyetso simusiga cyemeza ibinyuranye n’ibyo nemera.
4° Nkuko mbigarukaho mu ngingo zikurikira, ibirego Byuma yarezwe muri Gacaca, abamushinje kimwe n’ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumucira mu buroko, hakiyongeraho ko imiryango yakagombye kumuvugira nkuko yabikoraga ku bandi kera ubu yose yicecekeye n’abagerageje kugira icyo batangaza bakabikora mu rufefeko badaserura ikibazo nyakuri (reba itangazo rya Ldgl), birushaho gushimangira amakenga mfitiye urubanza rwe na Gacaca muri rusange, bityo ngahamya ko Byuma ari umwere wongewe ku rutonde rw’inzirakarengane rusanzwe ari rurerure kandi ruzakomeza kwiyongera igihe cyose ikiguri cy’akarengane rushingiyeho kizaba kitararimburwa.
III. BYUMA MURI GACACA
3.1. Amavu n’imizi y’urubanza rwa Byuma
Byuma, nkuko nabivuze haruguru, Gacaca si yo ya mbere yamukurikiranye kuko yari yarasogongeye ku karengane k’intsinzi akabasha kurusimbuka.Muri za 2001, Byuma yabonye urupapuro rumuhamagara kwitaba kuri brigade ya Nyamirambo rugira ruti « icyo uhamagariwe uzakimenyeshwa uhageze ». Icyo nibuka icyo gihe ni uko Byuma yitabye, ariko yagerayo bakayoberwa uwamutumiye. Hadashize kabiri, hari umuntu waje kureba Byuma, ati « dore mfite urupapuro rugutumira kuri Brigade ngo ufungwe, ariko ifungwa ryawe nta cyo rimariye ». Byuma yaba yaramubajije ati « ese ndazira iki ? ». Undi ati « ese ubona wabura icyo uzira ? Abafungiwe ubusa ugira ngo ni bake ? ». Bamwe mu babikurikiraniye hafi bemeza ko uwo muntu yaba yarasabye Byuma kumuha amafaranga, ngo yakwanga bakamumanura ayo mafaranga akazajya amugemurira. Njye ibyo nabwiwe na nyirubwite, ni uko yiyamye uwo muntu wamuteraga ubwoba yitwaje ko « yarokotse », ndetse akanamuregera abandi bantu ngo bamwiyame.
Umwaka ushize, ubwo hatangiraga ikusanyamakuru mu rwego rwa Gacaca, Bwana Byuma yarahamagawe arisobanura imbere ya Gacaca. Mu byo yabajijwe icyo gihe harimo ibyo kwiga imbunda no kujya kuri bariyeri. Urubanza rwongeye gusubukurwa ku wa 13 Gicurasi 2007, Byuma yanga kuburana, Gacaca itegeka ko Byuma aba afunzwe by’agateganyo.
3.2. Kuki Byuma yanze kuburana muri Gacaca ?
Ahamagawe kuburana muri Gacaca ku wa 13 Gicurasi 2007, Byuma yanze kuburana asobanura ko hari impamvu zituma asanga ataburanishwa n’inteko iyobowe na Bwana Sudi Imanzi kuko nta kizere cyo kutabogama amufitiye. Byuma rero yasabye ko Sudi Imanzi ataba mu bamuburanisha nk’uko amategeko abiteganya.
Nk’uko Byuma yabisobanuriye urukiko Gacaca kandi tukaba tunabisanga mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe TURENGERE ABANA—Byuma abereye Perezida, Turengere Abana yari yarakoze iperereza kuri Perezida w’inyangamugayo za Gacaca ya Biryogo, Bwana Sudi Imanzi, imushinja ko ku itariki ya 27 werurwe 2007, yafashe ku ngufu ‘‘umwana w’umukobwa witwa Walida INGABIRE, ufite umubyeyi witwa Dancilla, akaba n’umunyeshuri mu mwaka wa 2 secondaire kwa Kadafi, batuye mu mudugudu wa Gacaca, Akagali ka Rwampara’’ akarara ‘‘amusambanya kugeza aho iwabo mu gitondo babimenyeye bucyeye’’.
Iryo tangazo rya Turengere Abana ryemeza ko ‘‘Sudi IMANZI yaje gufungwa hanyuma aza gufungurwa nyuma y’iminsi itatu’’, idosiye ngo ikaba yari iri kwa procureur.
Turengere Abana igaragaza kandi impungenge eshatu z’ingenzi :
Kuba Sudi Imanzi yaba arwaye Sida bityo akaba yaranduje uwo mwana ;
kuba ‘‘ababyeyi ba Walida baraje kugabwaho igitero cyuzuye iterabwoba cyabamenaguriye ibirahuri by’amadirishya ngo Sudi abakangisha ngo nibatareka iyo dosiye azabarasa, dore ko kumena amaraso byaba bimuba hafi nk’uko byemezwa n’abazi iby’amateka ye nyuma ya génocide’’ ;
Kuba ‘‘uwo mwana ukomoka mu kagali ka Rwamampara, Perezida wa Turengere Abana atuyemo, ari nawe wikurikiranira iyo dosiye, nawe Sudi IMANZI yahagurukiye kumupangira ibyo kumufunga yitwaje gacaca abereye Perezida, kandi akaba atavuguruzwa mu byemezo aba yagambiriye gufata muri izo manza za gacaca’’.
Ashingiye kuri izo mpungenge, Byuma yasabye ko Sudi Imanzi ataba mu bamuburanisha. Byuma yanongeyeho ko Sudi Imanzi bafitanye ibibazo by’umwihariko kuko hari ‘‘ihabara’’ rya Sudi ryateye mu rugo rwa Byuma rigakubita umugore we ku itariki ya 7 Mata 2004.
3.3.Ifungwa ry’agateganyo
Byuma amaze kuvuga impamvu zimubuza kuburana, inteko ya Gacaca iyobowe n’uwo Sudi Imanzi ubwe, yariherereye ifata icyemezo ko ibyo Byuma yasabye nta gaciro bifite. Nkuko uwaregwaga ari na we waregerwaga, Gacaca yategetse ko Byuma aba afunzwe by’agateganyo, urubanza rwe rukazakomeza ku wa 20 Gicurasi 2007. Byuma bahise bamuta muri yombi bamumanura muri Gereza ya 1930.
Mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ryitwa CDHR (Coalition des Défenseurs des Droits Humains au Rwanda ) uwo munsi, ryemezaga ko ryasabye inzego zibishinzwe gukurikirana iby’icyo kibazo kandi ko impungenge zabo bazigejeje ku Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’inkiko Gacaca, Mukantaganzwa Domitilla, n’umwe mu bakozi b’Ishami Rikuru ry’Ubushinjacyaha, bombi bakaba bari bemeye kugira icyo babikoraho.
Ku wa 20 Gicurasi urukiko Gacaca rwongeye guterana noneho Byuma yemera kuburana. Byuma yarezwe ibyaha birimo kujya kuri bariyeri ; kwiga kurasisha imbunda ;gutunga imbunda ;kukora amalisiti y’abatutsi bicwa, kujya mu bitero ;gukubita no kujyana uwitwa Batamuliza ku biro bya Segiteri ngo yicwe.
Mu kwiregura, Byuma yisobanuye kuri buri ngingo. Yemeye koko ko yagiye kuri bariyeri nkuko byari bitegetswe kandi n’ubu akaba ariko bimeze, icyakora avuga ko nta muntu wigeze yicirwa kuri bariyeri ahari. Yavuze ko yagiye mu nama y’umutekano, asanga uwitwa Simbizi wo muri CDR ari kwigisha imbunda, bituma atongera gusubira muri bene izo nama. Yahakanye ko atigeze atunga imbunda mu rugo rwe, ko atigeze ajya mu bitero kandi ko kumugerekaho gukora amalisiti y’abatutsi bicwa ari ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. Ku bya Batamuliza, Byuma yasobanuye ko uwo mukobwa yari yihishe ku witwa Haluna, hanyuma interahamwe y’icyamamare yitwa Anatole yajya kumushakayo ngo imwice, Haluna agahuruza abaturanyi barimo Byuma. Byuma yavuze ko bakoze ibishoboka ngo bakize uwo mukobwa, nuko basaba ko yakoherezwa ku muyobozi wa Segiteri, Amuli Karekezi wari na muramu wa Batamuliza. Ibyo ni nako byagenze aba ari naho Batamuliza yarokokeye.
Iburana rirangiye, urukiko rwategetse ko Byuma afungurwa akazasomerwa ku wa 27/5/2007.
3.4. isomerwa n’ifungwa
Ku itariki ya 27 Gicurasi 2007, urukiko Gacaca rwa Biryogo rwasomye urubanza rwa Byuma na bagenzi be babiri, Mugoboka Shinani na Aloys Ndabarinze.
Urukiko Gacaca rwemeje ko rusanze Mugoboka Shinani na Aloys Ndabarinze ari abere.
Urukiko rwemeje ko rusanze ibyaha bitatu bidahama Byuma :
Kujya kuri bariyeri ;
Gukora amalisiti y’abatutsi bicwa ;
Gutunga imbunda.
Urukiko Gacaca rwemeje ko ibyaha bitatu bihama Byuma :
Kujya mu myitozo yo kwiga kurasisha imbunda ;
Kujya mu bitero ;
Gukubita Batamuliza no kumujyana kuri Segiteri ngo yicwe.
Urukiko rwemeje ko Byuma ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kugira uruhare muri jenoside bityo rumukatira gufungwa imyaka 19 . Byuma yahise atabwa muri yombi asubizwa muri Gereza ya 1930. yavuze ko ajuriye, urubanza rw’ubujurire rwa Gacaca rukaba ari rwo ruzagena igihe azaburana nkuko biteganywa n’itegeko Gacaca n° 16/2004 ryo ku wa 19 Kamena 2004 nkuko ryahinduwe vuba aha muri Werurwe 2007.
IV. URUBANZA RWA BYUMA : INDORERWAMO Y’AMABANGA YA GACACA
Urubanza rwa Byuma ni indorerwamo nziza y’umugambi mubisha wo gutsimbataza akarengane no guhonyora uburenganzira ndemashingiro n’agaciro ka Muntu mu izina ry’ubutabera na jenoside. Ibi turabisobanura mu ngingo ebyiri : Amasomo yo kwigirwa ku rubanza rwa Byuma ; na Gacaca nk’intwaro ya politiki ishimangira akarengane.
4. 1. Urubanza rwa Byuma : icyo rwatweretse
Urubanza rwa Byuma umuntu yavanamo amasomo 4 y’ingenzi :
1° Agatsiko karenganya mu izina ry’abaturage.
Gacaca aho kuba ubutabera bushingiye ku baturage, byagaragaye ko yabaye akarima k’agatsiko gato k’indakoreka nkuko bigaragarira ku budahangarwa bwa Bwana Sudi Imanzi. Kuba umuburanyi yihana umucamanza uyoboye Gacaca ku mpungenge zumvikana, uwo mucamanza akanangira akaba ari we ukomeza kuyobora urubanza, ni igitutsi ku baturage b’u Rwanda muri rusange bitirirwa ubutabera bubakandamiza, hagafatwa ibyemezo mu izina ryabo badafitemo uruhare n’ijambo.
2° Ibirego bya Gacaca bipfobya itsembabwoko, bikagira abarokotse udukinisho
Mu gihugu cyabayemo ubwicanyi bwibasira abatutsi ku mugaragaro, hakaba ababwitabira bashishikaye ndetse babibonamo ishema, iyo ufashe umuntu nka Byuma ukamuhimbira ibyaha bikabije nko gukora amalisiti y’abagombaga kwicwa, wabiburira ibimenyetso ugahatiriza ko hari uwo yashatse kwica bikamunanira, nta gupfobya itsembabwoko birenze ibyo. Nkuko urugero rwa Batamuliza rubigaragaza kandi, abacitse ku icumu Leta ya FPR n’abambari bayo babafata nk’udukinisho two kujyana iyo bashatse, ku buryo badashobora no gutinyuka kuvuga ko hari uwabagiriye neza mu gihe bari bugarijwe. Kubona umuntu akuvana mu maboko y’interahamwe nka Anatole akakugeza ku muntu ushobora kukurengera ndetse bikakuviramo amahirwe yo kurokoka, hanyuma ugahamagarwa ngo ushinje uwo muntu kuba yaratumye ugera aho warokokeye, ibyo koko si ukwica umuntu kabiri ? Ni uko nyine abanyarwanda guhahamuka twamaze kubimenyera, naho ubundi ibyo Gacaca ikorera cyangwa ikoresha abacitse ku icumu ni iyicarubozo rirenze uruvugiro. Ikindi gitangaje, ni uko mu byaha Gacaca ya Sudi yemeje Byuma harimo gukubita Batamuliza, nyamara nkuko tubisanga mu itangazo rya LDGL ryo ku wa 28 /5/2007, Batamuliza ntiyigeze avuga ko Byuma yamukubise.
3° Kwimakaza abicanyi no guhonyora inzirakarengane
Urukozasoni na none ni icyo Gacaca iriho yita kwirega no kwemera icyaha n’amareshyamugeni akabije ahabwa abiyemeje kuyoboka iyo nzira mu gihe abanze kwirega ibyo batakoze bahabwa ibihano byihanukiriye. Ni ko byagenze muri uru rubanza : Byuma yahakanye ko atigeze yiga imbunda icyaha kirarenga kiramuhama, mugenzi we Aloys Ndabarinze yemera ko yakoze imyitozo yo kwiga imbunda ndetse atunga grenade, ariko urukiko ruhamya ko rusanze ari umwere ! Ese mama kuba umwere byaba bisigaye bivuga kwemera ibyo uregwa, icyaha kikaba guhakana ? ntibitangaje ko Gacaca – kimwe n’ubundi bucamanza bwayibanjirije mu Rwanda rw’Inkotanyi- iha amahirwe yo kuburana abahisemo kwemera ibyo bakoze cyangwa abibeshyera ibyo batakoze, mu gihe inzirakarengane zikomeza kuborera muri Gereza zizira guhakana umugoma w’ubugome zitigeze.
4° Ngo uwasuze agirwa no kunutsa ?
Mu gihe tuvuga iby’akarengane kagwiririye Byuma, bamwe baragira bati ‘‘awa ! Niyumve !’’, abandi bati ‘‘ yahawe amahirwe ayapfusha ubusa, ntakagire uwo yitakana’’. Ibyo ni bimwe nasomye mu nyandiko nohererejwe muri aya masaha 48 ashize.
Abagira ngo ‘‘awa !’’, ni abanenga Byuma ko yatije umurindi akarengane kadukanywe na Gacaca y’iki gihe. Bashingira ahanini ku byabaye kuri Liprodhor yatwererewe ibifitirano by’ingengabitekerezo ya génocide Byuma akaba mu babihaye umugisha. Bashingira na none ku byatangajwe na Byuma ku maradiyo mpuzamahanga ubwo Gacaca zatangiraga inkubiri yo gukura abantu umutima i Butare abaturage bagahahamuka bagahungira i Burundi aho Inkotanyi zihutiye kubacyura ku ngufu (nkuko zisanzwe zibimenyereye). Icyo gihe Byuma yatangaje ko Gacaca zikora neza ko kandi abazihunga abona nta mpamvu bafite.
Abagaya Byuma ko yahawe amahirwe akayapfusha ubusa bo, basanga kuba yarahamagawe mu gihe cy’ikusanyamakuru hanyuma akaza gufungwa agafungurwa, kwari ukumucira amarenga ngo yibwirize, amenye ikimuhatse, agishe inama amazi atararenga inkombe, kandi nibiba ngombwa areke « kunangira », yemere ko « yatsinzwe n’icyaha » abisabire imbabazi nk’abandi bose. Aba basanga by’umwihariko kuba yaratinyutse gushyira mu majwi inyangamugayo yujuje ibyo Leta ishaka nka Sudi Imanzi ari ikosa rikomeye agomba guhanirwa by’intangarugero.
Ikindi kivugwa ni uko iyo Byuma yemera ko « yatsinzwe n’icyaha » akanabisabira imbabazi inzira zikigendwa, yari kuba yorohereje Leta mu nzira yo gucecekesha abakomeza kubeshya ko umuntu ashobora kuvuka mu ndiri y’abicanyi ntiyokamwe n’icyo cyaha : ‘‘Utarishe yagize ngo ‘awa’’, wa mugani wa Senateri Mugesera, « n’utaragize amahirwe yo kuba aho bica afite ingengabitekerezo yo kwica », nkuko umwe mu banyandikiye yabimbwiye. Ngiyo ivanjiri Byuma atamenye. Imizi shingiro y’iyo vanjili nshya mu Rwanda n’ingaruka zayo ni zo tugiye gusorezaho iyi nyandiko.
4. 2. Iyi Gacaca iratujyana he ?
Urugero rw’urubanza rwa Byuma twibanzeho muri iyi nyandiko, si rwo rukabije mu ziranga akarengane , yewe nta n’ igishya kirimo uretse ko we yahawe amahirwe abenshi batagira yo kumenya icyo aregwa n’abamurega abo ari bo. Gusa rero urwo rugero nanone rugaragaza isura nyakuri ya Gacaca muri rusange nkuko igenda yigaragaza hirya no hino mu gihugu. Ni yo mpamvu urwo rugero ari rwo twifashishije mu kugaragaza icyo dutekereza kuri Gacaca muri rusange mu ngingo enye zikurikira.
1° Gacaca ni intwaro yo guhuma amaso amahanga
Umuntu ushaka kumva neza amateka y’iyi Gacaca iri guca ibintu, hari ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi agomba kwibuka, utari abizi akabimenya. Icya mbere ni uko Leta ya FPR Inkotanyi ikijyaho yamaganiye kure igitekerezo cyo kwitabaza Gacaca ya kinyarwanda mu guca amahano yari amaze kugwira u Rwanda. Icyo gitekerezo cyari cyadukanywe na Minisitiri w’ubutabera, Alphonse Mariya Nkubito mu kwezi kwa Kanama 1994. Icyo gihe abambari b’Inkotanyi barirenze bararahira ko guha urubuga Gacaca byaba ari ugupfobya itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba. Kumenya uko FPR yaje guhindura imvugo n’ingiro ni byo bidufasha kumva neza Gacaca y’iki gihe aho ituganisha, iyo ikaba ingingo ya kabiri tugomba kwibukiranya hano.
Iyi Gacaca turimo twibuke ko yatangiriye mu Rugwiro, yadukanywe n’uwari mu mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika, Bwana Pasteur Bizimungu. Ku babyibuka neza, ibyo byabaye mu gihe Bizimungu Pasteur yari amaze gutangaza ku mugaragaro ko « Abahutu bose bagize uruhare muri genocide’’, bityo bakaba bagomba kubisabira imbabazi. Bizimungu yahuje imvugo n’ingiro, atangiza gahunda yo gusaba imbabazi ku Gikongoro, atanga kandi urugero rwo gushyira iyo gahunda mu bikorwa ahereye kuri Musenyeli Misago ati ‘‘n’iyo yaba umwere, Papa azamujyane ahandi’’. Iyo mikorere ya Gacaca kandi uko yaganirwagaho mu Rugwiro, ni nako hatangwaga ingero zo kuyishyira mu bikorwa. Urugero Bizimungu yayoboye ubwe ni urw’umusaza Nkeramugaba watinyutse gukoma rutenderi, agasaba ko Gacaca yari igiye kujyaho yahera ruhande ikavuga ibibazo byose by’u Rwanda kuva ku muzi, Lunari ikabazwa ibyayo, Parmehutu ikabazwa ibyayo, n’abandi bagakurikiraho. Ibyari inama byahise biba isoko, abashyashyariza bashyira akarimi hejuru, umusaza bamuta muri yombi aruhukira muri 1930 ari naho yaje kugwa. Ngiyo Gacaca yemerejwe mu rugwiro. Ngiyo « inzira y’ukuri n’ubwiyunge » Gacaca y’ubu yigisha : Hariho ibigomba kuvugwa n’ibitagomba gutinyukwa, hari abagomba kuvuga abandi bakikiriza, hariho abagomba gushinja abandi bagakoma amashyi, hari abicanyi bagomba guhanwa n’abagomba kugororerwa, hari abagomba kurengana no kurenganya, ubuzima bugakomeza.
Icya gatatu kitagomba kwibagirana ni uko iyi Gacaca iciye ukubiri na ya Gacaca gakondo ba Nkubito batekerezaga ari nayo FPR yanze. Iyo Gacaca ubundi yabaga ishingiye ku baturage ubwabo, bagahurira muri Gacaca bacoca amagambo kandi bifuza kongera kubana. Ibyo byakorwaga mu bwumvikane kandi mu bwisanzure, nta mutegetsi ubotsa igitutu. Gusaba imbabazi no gutanga icyiru, kimwe no gutanga imbabazi, byavaga ku bushake bw’abantu, nta mutware washoboraga kubitegeka. Iyo ibyo byabaga binaniranye, ni bwo imanza zatangiraga, zikajya mu batware, byarandagatana zikagera i Bwami.
Iyi Gacaca ya FPR yo rero aho ibera agahomamunwa, ni uko abaturage batayigiramo ijambo, ari abaregwa, ari abagiriwe nabi, bose bategekwa gukora icyo Leta ishatse, ufite ‘sentimenti’ akazishyira mu kabati wa mugani wa mwene Rutagambwa. Nkuko rero byagiye bigaragara, buri gihe uko Leta nako agatsiko kigaruriye Leta uko gasanze iyi Gacaca itari gukora ibiri mu nyungu zako, kihutira guhindura itegeko. Nguko uko ubu tugeze ku itegeko rya gatanu cg rya gatandatu rigenga Gacaca, iriherutse rikaba ryarahinduwe muri Werurwe 2007. Nkuko iryo tegeko rishya ribiteganya, ubu umwicanyi Ruharwa wamaze abantu, agomba kurekurwa akigira iwe, apfa gusa kuba azi kuvuga isengesho ryo kwicuza ibyaha nkuko ryanditswe na Gacaca ya FPR Inkotanyi : « Ibyo nshinjwa byose ndabyemera, kandi mbisabiye imbabazi ». Ubu biravugwa ko iryo sengesho hari n’abiyemeje kurigira iryabo, kabone n’iyo baba baregwa ibyabereye ku Mulindi wa Byumba bo bageze ku Rusizi berekeza iya Zayire. Ikirushaho gutera agahinda, ni uko iyi leta ya FPR iha ba Ruharwa amahirwe yo kwidegembya mu maso y’abo basize iheruheru no guharabika abageragezaga kubakoma imbere mu gihe cy’ubwicanyi, igahindukira iti « abacitse ku icumu bari mu mazi abira kuko ababiciye bagifite umugambi wo kubamara ». Mbese nimutekereze nka Byuma ugomba gufungwa imyaka 19 kuko yaba yaragize uruhare mu gutuma Batamuliza agera aho yarokokeye, none bikaba byitwa ko yashatse kumwicisha bikamunanira !. Buriya kandi wasanga nka ya nterahamwe Anatole yari igiye gutsinda Batamuliza kwa Haluna iri mu bazitahira bakajya kurangiriza igihano nsimburagifungo mu Biryogo, kandi ibyo Batamuliza akaba nta cyo ashobora kubikoraho !
Iyi gacaca rero ni intwaro yo guhuma amahanga amaso, ikambikwa umwambaro w’ubucamanza, kandi ari umugambi mubisha wo kubuza abaturage amahoro n’amahwemo.
2° Gacaca ni intwaro yo kubiba amacakubiri no gutsimbataza urwango
Guhuma amahanga amaso si cyo kibi kiruta ibindi mu byo Gacaca ikora. Igikabije kurushaho ni uko iyo Gacaca ari igikoresho cyo kubiba amacakubiri no gutsimbataza urwango rushingiye ku ivanguramoko mu Rwanda. Ibya Byuma na Batamuliza, uko byaba byaragenze kose, ni urugero rusobanutse rw’uyu mugambi mubisha. Reka mbibutse ko muri uru rubanza, ari Haluna wari uhishe Batamuliza mbere yuko Interahamwe zimuturumburayo, ari Amuli Karekezi « wamuhishe » iwe, ari na Byuma bivugwa ko ari mu batumye Batamuriza agera kwa Karekezi, bose icyo babazwaga ni ukumenya impamvu Batamuliza yageze kwa muramu we Karekezi, ukaba wagira ngo kuba yararokotse ubwabyo ni icyaha ababimufashijemo bagomba kuryozwa.
Aha rero ni ho mbona umugambi mubisha wo kubiba amacakubiri n’urwango rushingiye ku moko : Kwemeza ko mu Rwanda rwa 94 hari ibipande bibibiri : Abahutu bagombaga kwica n’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa. Muri urwo rwego, kuba umututsi wacitse ku icumu yatinyuka kuvuga ko hari undi muntu wundi utari FPR wamukijije, ibyo ni umuziro. Nta muntu ugitinyuka kubivuga. Nkuko twabibonye muri iyi minsi aho abantu bamwe bahatiwe cyangwa bagashishikarizwa kwihenura kuri Rusesabagina, uwo mwera waturutse i bukuru ni wo ntero muri Gacaca. Ikibabaza rero ni uko abacitse ku icumu, dore ko benshi ari na ba nyakamwe batakigira n’urwara rwo kwishima—ureke ba bashinyaguzi bavuga ko abatutsi bose bari mu ntsinzi--, usanga bari mu gihirahiro, abahutu bati « ubu uyu aje gutara amagambo ashaka uwo abeshyera’’, bene intsinzi bati ‘‘uyu mukenya ntacyo yarokotse kubera ko ntaho yari atandukaniye na bariya bicanyi, ni yo mpamvu adashaka kubashinja ngo tubakanire urubakwiye ». Iyo bikubitiyeho ko hari inzirakarengane zitabarika zagiye zigwa mu buroko izindi zikaba ziboreramo mu gihe abicanyi bamenye kuvuga vuba rya shengesho rya FPR ryo kwicuza ibyaha bidegembya ku misozi abandi bakaba bari gukama ibya Leta y’ubumwe kugeza igihe « dosiye » yabo izuburirwa—nka General Munyakazi n’abandi barira ku mpembyi.
Ikirushaho gutera agahinda ni uko usanga abahutu bari baragerageje gutabara no guhisha abatutsi bahigwaga usanga ubu ari bo bibasiwe muri Gacaca, ukaba wagira ngo abagambiriye kumara abatutsi n’abayoboye iyi Gacaca bahuje umugambi. Uko biri kose, nubwo Gacaca bivugwa ko ari ubutabera bwunga, urwango n’urwikekwe iri kubiba mu Rwanda tuzabitabarwa n’Imana y’i Rwanda yonyine.
3° Gacaca ni intwaro yo gusiga icyaha abacitse ku icumi
Urwango n’urwikekwe Gacaca ibiba hari uwakwibaza ati « ese hari uwo bifitiye inyungu ? ». namusubiza nti « arahari ». Uwo bifitiye inyungu ni utifuza ko hari umunyarwanda n’umwe utinyuka kuvuga ko ari « umwere », ari « intungane », nta maraso y’abanyrwanda afite ku ntoki. Nkuko politiki FPR ishyize imbere ari uguhamya ko abahutu bavukanye « ingengabitekerezo » yo gutsemba abatutsi, ni nako ishaka kumvikanisha ko ubwicanyi n’akarengane abambari ba FPR bakoze kandi bagikomeza biri mu nyungu z’abatutsi muri rusange, n’abacitse ku icumu by’umwihariko. Uyu mugambi mubisha wo gusiga abatutsi bose n’abarokotse by’umwihariko icyaha, uhwanye neza neza na wa mugambi w’abibeshyaga ko kurimbura abatutsi ari yo ntsinzi yo gutsimbataza « pawa » y’abahutu. Nk’uko ibikorwa by’Interahamwe n’abari bazihishe inyuma byasize ibara abahutu muri rusange, ni nako FPR Inkotanyi igerageza gusiga ibara abatutsi n’abacitse ku icumu by’umwihariko kugira ngo ibuze abanyarwanda bazima amahirwe yo kwisuganya ngo bubake u Rwanda rushingiye ku neza, ukuri, ubutabera n’ubusabane. Kuba leta ya FPR ihitamo gufungura no gukingira ikibaba abahutu b’abicanyi Ruharwa ahubwo ikagira abacitse ku icumu ibikoresho byo kwihenura, kubeshyera no kwitaza abo basangiye akabisi n’agahiye, ni ubugome burenze urugero umunyarwanda wese ukunda u Rwanda agomba guhagurukira kurwanya yivuye inyuma.
4° Gacaca ni intwaro yo gucecekesha abashobora kurwanya ikinyoma ubwikanyize n’akarengane
Uyu mugambi mubisha na none ushingiye kuri politiki y’ikinyoma, ubwikanyize n’akarengane. Ni politiki y’agatsiko k’abidishyi kibeshya ko gashobora kurama ku ngoma gakoresheje iterabwoba, guha imyanya indirakarame, abahunahunnyi n’ibinnyeteri no kuburizamo uburyo bwose abanyarwanda bashobora kwibohora bakagira ijambo mu gihugu cyabo. Iyo politiki iyo urebye neza usanga ubu iri mu igerageza rya gatatu.
Mu muzo wa mbere, FPR yibwiraga ko koko « ingabo zibuze umutware zitwa impehe ». Ibi byatumye FPR ibanza kwihutira guhitana cyangwa kwigarurira abantu yabonaga ari « urumuri » rw’abaturage, nk’abanyapolitiki, abanyamadini, abanyamakuru n’abavugizi b’imiryango itegamiye leta.
Mu muzo wa kabiri, FPR yasanze ibyo bidahagije, nuko itangiza gahunda yo gucuranurira abanyarwanda bose mu muryango wayo ku ngufu. Bivugwa ko ngo yashoboye gutanga amakarita miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana inani, amakuru amwe agahamya ko Ruhengeli ya Rucagu Boniface yaje ku isonga 87% by’abaturage bakayoboka FPR ! Icyaje gutungura abantu benshi ariko, ni uko nyuma y’amatora aho ngo 95% b’abanyarwanda berekanye ko bakunda « Mzee Kijana », abo bakunzi ba « Mzee kijana » abenshi bongeye gushyirwa ku munigo hirya no hino, bivugwa ko ingengabitekerezo ya genocide iri gukwirakwira mu gihugu cyose. Ababikurikiranira hafi basanga mu by’ukuri FPR yaraguye mu mutego yiteze ubwayo aka wa mugani w’isuri isambira byinshi igasohoza bike. Kubera ko FPR ari umuryango w’Inkotanyi, Inkotanyi bikaba bifite icyo bivuga n’icyo bigamije, Inkotanyi nyakuri izi z’amarere zatewe ipfunwe no kubona « abavukanye ingengabitekerezo yo kwica abatutsi » babyina intsinzi batazi amavu n’amajyo, bati « ibi ntidushobora kubyihanganira ».
Uyu rero ni wo muzo wa gatatu Gacaca iri gusohozamo umugambi wihariye wo guheza ku mugaragaro igice kinini cy’abanyarwanda, bakaba abagererwa n’indorerezi mu gihugu cyabo. Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hahishura aho Gacaca ituganisha. Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hahishura impamvu icyitwaga « itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba » ubu cyiswe « jenoside ». Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hahishura icyo amategeko y’icyaduka ahana « amacakubiri » n’ « ingengabitekerezo ya jenocide » ahatse. Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hasobanura impamvu amategeko agenga Gacaca akomeza guhindagurwa hato na hato. Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hasobanura impamvu ubuyobozi bw’inkiko Gacaca butangaza imibare yegereye miliyoni y’urutonde rw’abagirizwa « jenoside ». Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hahishura impamvu Minisitiri Fazil Harerimana—uriya wibeshyeye ngo nta dosiye afite muri Gacaca ngo nta n’iyo azagira !—atinyuka kuvuga ko mu Rwanda ibihumbi magana inani by’abakoze jenoside na miliyoni z’imiryango yabo babangamiye abacitse ku icumu. Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hasobanura impamvu abantu bashishikarizwa kwirega no kwemera icyaha ari abagikoze ari n’abatagikoze. Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hasobanura impamvu abambikwa umugoma wa jenoside, amacakubiri n’ingengabitekerezo, bazatakaza uburenganzira ndemashingiro bw’abaturarwanda, ntibazongere gutora no gutorwa cyangwa kugira uruhare rugaragara mu buzima bw’igihugu cyabo. Aha hantu harakomeye kuko hasobanura impamvu ubu u Rwanda rwatewemo imirwi ine itagize icyo ivuze mu mateka y’abanyarwanda, umuntu ntabe akimenya izina ry’umusozi avukaho.
Aha hantu harakomeye kuko ariho hari ipfundo ry’umuzi n’umuhamuro w’ijambo Kizigenza muri FPR Inkotanyi aherutse gutangariza i Murambi y’ahahoze hitwa Gikongoro agaragaza agahinda n’ishavu adateze gukira kubera miliyoni z’abaturage « zone Turquoise » yamubujije kwica. Aha hantu harakomeye. Aha hantu harakomeye. Nongere mbisubiremo : Aha hantu harakomeye.
V. UMWANZURO
Mu gusoza, nakongera nkibutsa ko urubanza rw’urukozasoni rwa Byuma Faransisiko Saveri ari umutonyi mu nyanja y’akarengane Gacaca iri gutsimbataza mu Rwanda. Iyo Gacaca biragaragara ko intego yayo nyakuri ari uguca abanyarwanda mo ibice ngo batabasha gushyira imbaraga zabo hamwe mu komora ibikomere basigiwe n’intambara n’ubwicanyi bunyuranye n’andi mahano yayikurikiye yatumye u Rwanda rwamamara ku isi yose nk’igihugu cyokamwe n’imyiryane, ivangura, ubwicanyi n’ubukene.. Uwo mugambi kandi ugamije kubuza abana b’u Rwanda guhuza imbaraga zabo ngo bikize ingoyi y’ikinyoma n’igitugu ya FPR Inkotanyi ikeneye gukomeza gukingira ikibaba abagome barimo ba Nyirabayazana b’urugogwe rwagwiriye u Rwanda kuva muri 90, no kuva ku wa 6 Mata 1994 by’umwihariko.
Uyu mugambi ububisha bwawo burakataje kuko uko bwije n’uko bukeye ugenda urushaho gusiga icyaha abantu benshi, bityo ukabagira ingwate. Ari abacamanza bagirwa ibikoresho byo kurenganya bagenzi babo basangiye gupfa no gukira, ari abacitse ku icumu bategekwa kubana n’ababahekuye nyamara bagashishikarizwa kwitandukanya no kwihenura ku babarwanyeho mu bihe by’amashiraniro, ari abatangabuhamya bashorwa mu kubeshyera no gushyashyariza inzirakarengane, ari abahitamo kwinumira ngo bucye kabiri, abazarokoka uwo mugambi mubisha ni mbarwa. Nkuko nkunze kubivuga, u Rwanda rugiye kuzasigara ari indiri y’udututsi nzingiza n’uduhutu ncancama tubereyeho gukeza ingoma y’ubwidishyi.
Kubera ko ibyago by’u Rwanda FPR yabigize inzira y’ubusamo yo gutera imbabazi mu maso y’amahanga kandi kurwanya akarengane imaze gutsimbataza mu Rwanda bigasaba ibitambo, ba Mporebucye, Ndihakiwe, ntibindeba na Mpemukendamuke bazakomeza kuba benshi. Gusa rero, ingero ititi n’agasani- n’urwa Byuma rurimo- zitugaragariza ko nta urenga icyo azira : akarengane ntikarobanura.
Umuhanzi Gasimba saveri « Munezero » ni we utugira inama isumba izindi mu Umusogongero w’Indege y’Ubumwe Rwanda rw’Ubu aho agira ati :
Ibikorwa none bishya bishyira
U Rwanda rw’ejo n’ejo bundi
Kandi n’ibyo dukora twihishe
Ntibizabura guhishuka.
Ibitekerezo dufite none
Bishya bishyira u rwanda rw’ejo
N’ibyo tureka bikatuborana
Bizatinda bizanuke.
N’ibyo twivugira uyu munsi
Birategura u Rwanda rw’ejo
N’ibyo twiha gutwikira
Bizagaragazwa n’amateka.
Nanjye nkunga mu rya Gacamigani nti « N’AKATARAZA KARI INYUMA ».
Noel Twagiramungu
Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
Phone : 1+ 781 393 2971 ; twagiranoel@yahoo.fr